
How To Pay No Taxes On Rental Income In 2025
Apr 04, 2025
If youâve ever wondered how to pay no taxes on rental income, youâre not alone. Itâs a common question for new and aspiring investorsâand a smart one, too. After all, whatâs the point of earning rental income if the IRS is going to take a huge chunk of it?
Hereâs the truth: thereâs only one real way to legally avoid taxes entirely on rental incomeâa little-known loophole called the Augusta Rule (donât worry, weâll explain it shortly). But if youâre looking for how to avoid paying taxes on rental income in a broader sense, thereâs good news. There are plenty of legal ways to avoid taxes on rental propertyâor at the very least, reduce how much you owe significantly.
Thatâs exactly what this article is here to help you do.
Weâre going to break down everything you need to knowâfrom tax-free rental income strategies to smart deductions, depreciation, and common landlord mistakes that could be costing you thousands. And if you're just getting started in real estate, don't worryâweâll explain it all in plain language so it actually makes sense.
Along the way, weâll also show you how our Ultimate Investor Program can teach you step-by-step how to build a profitable rental portfolio and keep more of what you earn. Because making money in real estate is greatâbut keeping it? Thatâs how you build real wealth.
Hereâs what weâll cover:
- How Rental Income Is Taxed (And Why This Matters)
- The Only True Loophole: The Augusta Rule
- 9 Proven Ways to Reduce Taxes on Rental Income
- Common Mistakes That Increase Your Tax Bill
- Why Most Investors Overpay in Taxes (And How to Stop)
- Frequently Asked Questions About Rental Income Taxes
Ready to Take the Next Step in Real Estate Investing? Join our FREE live webinar and discover the proven strategies to build lasting wealth through real estate.
Whether you're just getting started or ready to scale, we'll show you how to take action today. Don't miss this opportunity to learn the insider tips and tools that have helped thousands of investors succeed! Seats are limitedâReserve Your Spot Now!
How Rental Income Is Taxed (And Why This Matters)
Before we dive into deductions and tax strategies, itâs important to understand how rental income is taxed in the first placeâbecause this lays the foundation for everything else.
What the IRS Considers Rental Income
According to IRS rules for rental income, rental income includes more than just monthly rent checks. Hereâs what the IRS counts as taxable income when you rent out a property:
- Monthly rent payments from tenants
- Advance rent (any rent paid before the period it covers)
- Security deposits if you end up keeping any portion for cleaning or damage
- Lease cancellation fees (yep, thatâs income)
- Expenses paid by the tenant that shouldâve been paid by youâlike if they cover utilities or repairs
- Short-term rental income from platforms like Airbnb or Vrbo
So if youâve been wondering, âdo I have to report short-term rental income?ââthe answer is yes. If you're renting out a room or home, even for a few nights here and there, the IRS wants a piece of that income (unless it qualifies under the Augusta Rule, which weâll cover soon).
Ordinary Income vs. Passive Income
Now letâs clear up a big misconception: Is rental income taxed as ordinary income?
It depends.
Technically, rental income is considered passive income, which is taxed at your regular income tax rateâjust like your job or business income. But itâs not earned income, so itâs not subject to Social Security or Medicare taxes (which is a win).
Hereâs why that matters: even though rental income is taxed like ordinary income, it opens the door to powerful tax benefits that donât apply to W-2 incomeâlike depreciation, deductions, and even losses you can claim against your other income in certain cases.
In other words, while you may not be able to pay no taxes on rental income in most situations, you can legally reduce how much of that income is taxableâsometimes down to zero in the right scenariosâif you know what youâre doing.
Understanding how rental income is taxed gives you the power to control how much of your profit you actually get to keep. Real estate isnât just about buying low and renting highâitâs also about using the tax code to your advantage. Thatâs why smart investors learn the rules early, structure their properties correctly, and claim every legal deduction theyâre entitled to.
And if youâre not sure how to navigate all this on your ownâdonât worry. Thatâs exactly the kind of thing we help people learn inside our Ultimate Investor Program. You donât need to become a tax expertâyou just need to know how to play the game. Weâll show you how.
Read Also: Tax Lien Investing For Beginners
*For in-depth training on real estate investing, Real Estate Skills offers extensive courses to get you ready to make your first investment! Attend our FREE Webinar Training and gain insider knowledge, expert strategies, and essential skills to make the most of every real estate opportunity that comes your way!
The Only True Loophole: The Augusta Rule
When it comes to how to pay no taxes on rental income, thereâs really only one strategy that allows you to avoid taxes altogetherâand thatâs the Augusta Rule.
What Is the Augusta Rule?
The Augusta Rule is a legal tax loophole that allows homeowners to rent out their personal residence for up to 14 days per year without having to report that income to the IRS. That means the income you earn during those two weeks is completely tax-free.
Itâs officially outlined in IRS Code Section 280A(g), and it was originally created to benefit residents of Augusta, Georgia, who would rent out their homes during the annual Masters golf tournament. But today, any U.S. taxpayer who owns a home can take advantage of itânot just golf fans.
How It Works
Hereâs the deal: if you rent out your primary residence for 14 days or fewer in a calendar year, the IRS doesnât require you to report the incomeâand you donât pay any tax on it.
- It must be your personal residence (not an investment property).
- You cannot exceed 14 daysâeven by one dayâor the income becomes fully taxable.
- You also canât claim deductions for rental expenses related to those days. But you wonât need toâbecause the income isnât taxed in the first place.
This is one of the most powerful, yet underutilized, tax-free rental income strategies available.
A Real-World Example
Letâs say youâre a small business owner or real estate investor and you host an offsite team meeting, mastermind, or training at your home for two days. Your business pays you fair market rent for the use of your spaceâletâs say $1,500 per dayâand you do this seven times per year.
Thatâs $10,500 in income, none of which is taxable under the Augusta Rule rental income guidelines. As long as it stays within the 14-day threshold and meets the fair market value requirement, itâs perfectly legal.
This is one of the rare situations where the IRS actually allows how to not pay taxes on rental income legallyâno loopholes, no shady tactics. Just smart planning.
A Useful ToolâBut With Limits
If you were hoping to avoid all rental property taxes with one simple hack, we get itâthe Augusta Rule sounds like a dream. And for the right scenario, it is. But hereâs the reality: this strategy is limited in scope. You can only use it for 14 days per year, and it only applies to your personal residence, not your long-term rental properties.
So while the Augusta Rule is the only true method for earning completely tax-free rental income, the real power comes from knowing how to legally reduce what you owe the rest of the year.
And thatâs what weâll show you nextâbecause if you know how to use deductions, depreciation, and tax-smart investing strategies, you can keep way more of your rental profits than you might think.
And if you want guidance on putting all of this into action, our Ultimate Investor Program was built to help you grow a real estate business thatâs profitable and tax-efficientâfrom day one.
Read Also: How To Find Tax Lien Properties: An Investorâs Guide
9 Proven Ways to Reduce Taxes on Rental Income
So, the Augusta Rule is a great loopholeâbut it only takes you so far. If you really want to keep more of your rental profits year after year, you need to lean into the strategies that experienced investors use every day to lower their tax bills.
The truth is, most new landlords overpay in taxes simply because they donât know what they can legally write off. But with the right tax strategies for rental property, you can take full advantage of the tax codeâand potentially wipe out a huge chunk of your rental income from being taxed at all.
These are the same real estate investor tax strategies used by professionals who build long-term wealth through rental properties. And the good news? Every single one of them is 100% legal. These are not shady loopholes or gray areas â theyâre legal ways to avoid taxes on rental property, backed by the IRS.
If you're serious about learning the ways to minimize rental income taxes, youâre in the right place. We even walk our students through these strategies, step by step, inside our Ultimate Investor Programâbecause saving on taxes is just as important as making the money in the first place.
Hereâs a preview of the 9 most powerful ways to reduce your rental income taxes:
- Maximize Your Rental Property Deductions
- Use Depreciation to Your Advantage
- Deduct Repairs and Maintenance
- Claim Travel and Mileage Expenses
- Set Up a Legal Business Entity
- Hire a Professional (CPA or Tax Advisor)
- Use Passive Loss Rules to Your Benefit
- Take Advantage of Capital Gains Exclusions
- Keep Detailed Records (And Stay Organized)
Weâll break each one down so you know exactly how to use themâeven if youâre just getting started.
Maximize Your Rental Property Deductions
If you want to keep more of your rental income, one of the easiest and most effective strategies is to maximize your rental property tax deductions. This is where most new landlords leave money on the tableâsimply because they donât know what theyâre allowed to deduct.
So, what can landlords deduct from rental income?
According to the IRS, here are some of the most common (and completely legal) real estate tax deductions landlords can claim:
- Mortgage interest: Often your biggest deduction, especially in the early years of a loan
- Repairs and maintenance: Includes things like fixing leaky faucets, patching drywall, or replacing broken locks
- Property management fees: If you hire a company to manage your rental, those costs are deductible
- Property taxes: The annual taxes you pay to your local government
- Landlord insurance premiums: Including hazard, fire, and liability insurance
- HOA fees: If your rental is part of a homeowners association
- Utilities: If you cover water, gas, or electric for your tenants
- Advertising costs: For listing your property or marketing to new tenants
- Professional services: Like legal fees or accounting costs related to your rental business
These are just the basics. The full list is longâand thatâs a good thing.
But hereâs the catch: you can only claim what you can prove. That means keeping detailed records, saving receipts, and documenting dates and amounts. The better your records, the easier it is to back up your deductions and reduce your taxable income without worry.
This is why itâs not just about knowing what to deductâitâs about building good habits from the start. Inside our Ultimate Investor Program, we show you how to organize your expenses, track deductions the right way, and build a tax-smart system that grows with your portfolio.
Because every dollar you donât pay in taxes is a dollar you can reinvest.
Use Depreciation to Your Advantage
One of the most powerful tools in a real estate investorâs tax toolkit is something called depreciationâand if youâve never heard of it before, youâre not alone.
Depreciation on rental property is the process of deducting the cost of your property over time. According to the IRS, residential rental property can be depreciated over 27.5 years, which means you can deduct a portion of the buildingâs value every yearâeven if the property is actually going up in market value (also known as a phantom gain).
Hereâs the catch: you can only depreciate the structure, not the land. So if you buy a rental property for $300,000 and the land is worth $60,000, you can depreciate the remaining $240,000 over 27.5 years.
Letâs break it down with a simple example:
- Property purchase price: $300,000
- Land value: $60,000
- Depreciable amount: $240,000
- Annual depreciation deduction: $240,000 Ă· 27.5 = $8,727.27 per year
That means you can reduce your taxable rental income by over $8,700 every single yearâjust by owning the property. This is how savvy investors create paper losses (on their tax returns) even when theyâre making money in real life.
So, how does depreciation reduce rental income tax? It lowers your taxable income on paper, which means you owe less to the IRS. And thatâs a win every investor should take advantage of.
When you understand how to pay no taxes on rental incomeâor at least how to get as close as possibleâdepreciation is one of the core strategies to make that happen.
And yes, this is exactly the kind of tax-smart move we dive into inside the Ultimate Investor Program â because keeping more of what you earn is how you scale up faster.
Deduct Repairs and Maintenance
One of the easiest ways to reduce your taxable income is by deducting the day-to-day costs of keeping your property in good shapeâbut not everything you spend on your rental is treated the same way.
So letâs clear up a common question: Can I write off repairs on a rental property?
Yesâbut only if they qualify as repairs or maintenance, not improvements.
Hereâs the difference:
- Repairs are fixes that keep your property in its current condition.
- Improvements add value to the property or extend its life â and theyâre not immediately deductible.
Letâs look at a few examples of deductible repairs and maintenance costs that qualify:
- Fixing a leaky faucet
- Repainting a room
- Replacing a broken window
- Patching a hole in drywall
- Cleaning or landscaping for turnover
These are all expenses you can deduct in the year they happen. They help maintain the propertyânot upgrade it.
Now letâs take a look at improvements that canât be deducted:
- Adding a new bedroom
- Remodeling the kitchen
- Replacing the roof
- Installing central A/C
- Building a deck or fence
These are considered capital improvements. You canât write them off all at onceâinstead, you have to depreciate them over time (often 5, 7, or even 27.5 years, depending on the type of improvement).
So while you canât always immediately write off rental property expenses related to big upgrades, those everyday repairs? They can significantly reduce your tax bill if you keep good records.
And again, this is the kind of thing we help investors get right inside the Ultimate Investor Programâso youâre not leaving deductions on the table or misclassifying expenses that could trigger an audit.
Claim Travel and Mileage Expenses
Being a landlord often means putting in some milesâwhether youâre checking on properties, meeting with tenants, or heading to the hardware store for a last-minute repair. The good news? Those miles and travel costs can be tax-deductible.
This is one of the most overlooked real estate investor tax strategies, especially for newer landlords. But itâs also one of the simplest ways to write off rental property expenses youâre probably already incurring.
Hereâs how it works:
- If you drive your own vehicle for property-related tasks, you can deduct mileage using the IRS standard mileage rate (currently 70 cents per mile in 2025).
- If you travel out of town to manage or improve your property, you may be able to deduct airfare, hotels, rental cars, and even mealsâas long as the trip is directly related to your rental business.
- Just make sure to keep detailed logs, receipts, and documentation showing the purpose of the travel. The IRS wants to see that the expenses were ordinary and necessary.
Letâs say you own a rental property two towns over and make regular trips to check on it, meet vendors, or handle maintenance. All that driving adds upâand those miles are deductible.
Or maybe you fly to a different state where you own a property. If you spend the trip actively managing or improving the rental (not just relaxing on the beach), the travel costs are likely deductible.
These kinds of small, consistent write-offs can really add up at tax timeâand theyâre part of a larger set of legal ways to avoid taxes on rental property.
When youâre learning how to pay no taxes on rental income, itâs not about one big loopholeâitâs about stacking smart, legal deductions that lower your taxable income year after year. Thatâs what we teach inside the Ultimate Investor Programâbecause once you learn how to track and claim whatâs already yours, your rental profits start working even harder for you.
Set Up a Legal Business Entity
As your rental portfolio grows, one of the smartest moves you can make is setting up a legal business entityâlike an LLC (Limited Liability Company)âto hold your properties. While many new landlords start off owning rentals in their personal name, this setup can come with higher taxes and more risk.
Structuring your rentals under a business entity can open the door to real estate tax planning strategies that help you keep more of your income and better protect your assets.
Hereâs how it helps:
- You may qualify for additional business deductions, like home office expenses, administrative costs, and more.
- It can help separate your personal and business finances, making it easier to track and write off rental property expenses.
- In some cases, it can allow for more flexible tax treatment, especially when paired with an S-corp election (something a tax advisor can walk you through).
- It provides liability protection, which isnât directly tax-related but is critical for peace of mind.
To be clear, setting up an LLC wonât automatically make your rental income tax-free. But it does make it easier to stay organized, minimize risk, and build out a real estate business that runs like a businessânot a side hustle.
And when youâre learning how to pay no taxes on rental income, having the right structure from the start can make a big difference. In fact, many of the tax strategies for rental property weâve covered so farâfrom deductions to depreciationâare easier to optimize when your properties are held under a formal entity.
We go over all of this in detail inside the Ultimate Investor Program, because most new investors donât know what they donât know. But when you get the foundation right, the rest becomes a lot easierâand a lot more profitable.
Hire a Professional (CPA or Tax Advisor)
The U.S. tax code isnât exactly light readingâand when you add real estate into the mix, things can get complicated fast. Thatâs why one of the smartest investments you can make as a landlord is hiring a qualified tax professional who understands real estate.
A good CPA or tax advisor does more than just file your return. They can:
- Help you find deductions you didnât even know you qualified for
- Keep you compliant with IRS rules and help reduce audit risk
- Spot opportunities for long-term real estate tax planning
- Help you decide if and when to create an LLC or other entity
- Maximize your write-offs while minimizing red flags
For new landlords especially, this kind of guidance can be a game changer. You might be asking, âDo I really need a tax pro just for one rental?â And the answer isâmaybe not forever. But in the beginning, absolutely.
A tax expert can make sure youâre doing everything legally and efficiently right out of the gate, which saves you time, money, and stress. Theyâll also help you build a strategy that scales with your portfolioâbecause what works for one property might not work for ten.
If youâre looking for landlord tax tips that go beyond the basics, a good CPA will deliver. And even better, when you combine their expertise with your own growing knowledge as an investor, thatâs when things really start to click.
Use Passive Loss Rules to Your Benefit
Hereâs something that surprises a lot of new investors: even if your rental property makes money, you might still be able to report a loss on your taxesâand that loss can reduce what you owe overall.
Thatâs thanks to the IRS passive loss rules, which are one of the more complex (but extremely valuable) parts of the tax code for real estate investors.
Letâs break it down.
Rental income is considered passive income by the IRS. That means losses from rental propertiesâthings like repairs, depreciation, and other deductionsâare also treated as passive losses.
Now, normally, passive losses can only be used to offset passive income. But thereâs an exception for active participants, which includes many everyday landlords. If you meet the IRS requirements (such as owning at least 10% of the property and making management decisions), you may be able to deduct up to $25,000 in passive losses against your regular incomeâlike your W-2 job or business income.
This can significantly reduce your tax bill, even if your rental is profitable on paper.
So if youâve been wondering how to pay no taxes on rental income, using these passive loss rules strategically is one of the few ways it might actually happenâat least on your tax return.
Of course, there are income phase-outs, exceptions, and fine print (because itâs the IRS). But this is where smart real estate tax planning comes into play. Knowing how to structure your income and expensesâand working with a tax advisor â can help you unlock powerful tax savings that many investors miss.
These are the kinds of rental income tax loopholes that are 100% legal and available to anyoneâbut you have to know how to use them.
Take Advantage of Capital Gains Exclusions
While most of this article focuses on rental income, itâs just as important to think about what happens when you eventually sell your propertyâbecause thatâs when capital gains taxes can come into play.
When you sell a rental for more than you paid, the profit you earn is considered a capital gainâand yes, the IRS wants a piece of it.
So naturally, the big question is: How do I avoid capital gains tax on rental property?
Here are two popular real estate tax strategies investors use to reduce or delay capital gains taxes:
- 1031 Exchange (Tax-Deferred Strategy)
- Exclusion for Primary Residences
Read Also: Tax Benefits Of Real Estate Investing: Save More, Earn More
1031 Exchange
A 1031 exchange allows you to sell one investment property and reinvest the proceeds into another âlike-kindâ propertyâwithout paying capital gains tax at the time of the sale.
Itâs a deferral, not an exemption, but it allows you to keep your money working for you instead of handing it over to the IRS. There are rules and timelines to follow, so itâs best to work with a qualified intermediary. But this is a go-to move for investors looking to upgrade properties or grow their portfolio without losing momentum to taxes.
Exclusion for Primary Residences
Now, this one doesnât apply to rentalsâbut itâs worth mentioning in case you convert a rental into your primary home. If you live in a property for at least two out of the last five years before selling, you may qualify for a capital gains exclusion of up to $250,000 (or $500,000 for married couples).
Itâs not something most long-term landlords can use, but itâs a creative option for those who mix personal and investment real estate over time.
Keep Detailed Records (And Stay Organized)
Tax strategies are only as good as the records backing them up. If you want to take full advantage of deductions, depreciation, and other benefits, you need to stay organized and keep solid documentation throughout the year.
The IRS doesnât take your word for itâthey want to see proof. Thatâs why having detailed records is one of the most underrated (but crucial) real estate tax strategies out there.
Hereâs what to track:
- Receipts for repairs, maintenance, and improvements
- Invoices from contractors or service providers
- Mileage logs if you drive for property-related tasks
- Lease agreements and tenant communications
- Utility bills, insurance statements, and tax records
- Depreciation schedules from your CPA
- Notes from calls or meetings that impact your property decisions
The more organized you are, the easier it is to write off rental property expenses accurately and legally. It also helps if youâre ever auditedâbecause when you can show clean records, it takes the stress (and the penalties) off the table.
If youâve ever wondered how to pay no taxes on rental income, this is the part most people overlook: documentation. You can only use these strategies if you can prove your numbers. The IRS doesnât accept guesses.
And rememberâthis doesnât have to be complicated. Use a spreadsheet, an app, or good old-fashioned folders. The key is to stay consistent. In fact, IRS rules for rental income clearly state that landlords must maintain records to support their income and expenses.
Common Mistakes That Increase Your Tax Bill
Itâs one thing to know the tax strategiesâitâs another to actually use them the right way. And unfortunately, many new landlords end up paying more than they should simply because of small, avoidable mistakes.
If youâre serious about learning how to pay no taxes on rental incomeâor at least how to legally reduce what you oweâthen avoiding these common slip-ups is just as important as knowing the deductions.
Here are some of the most frequent mistakes we see new investors make:
- Not Tracking Receipts and Records: Without proof, deductions donât count. If you canât back up your expenses, the IRS wonât allow themâno matter how legitimate they are.
- Mixing Personal and Business Expenses: Using the same bank account or credit card for personal and rental expenses makes everything messy. Itâs harder to track what qualifies and what doesnât, which can lead to missed deductions or trouble during an audit.
- Missing Depreciation: Some landlords forget to claim depreciationâone of the most powerful rental income tax loopholes available. Skipping this can mean losing thousands of dollars in tax savings every year.
- Misclassifying Repairs as Improvements: This is a big one. If you deduct an expense in the wrong categoryâlike claiming a new roof as a repair instead of a capital improvementâit could raise red flags and cost you down the line.
- Waiting Until Tax Season to Get Organized: Trying to piece everything together at the last minute almost always leads to missed deductions or inaccurate filings. Staying organized throughout the year is one of the best landlord tax tips you can follow.
- Not Getting Educated: Tax law changes. And letâs be honest â most CPAs arenât going to chase you down with strategies unless you know what to ask for. Thatâs why real estate education is so valuable. The more you understand your role as a rental property owner, the more you can legally save. Inside our Ultimate Investor Program, we teach investors how to avoid these exact mistakes, track expenses the right way, and build a rental business thatâs tax-smart from the ground up. Because every dollar you keep is one more you can reinvest.
Why Most Investors Overpay in Taxes (And How to Stop)
Most real estate investors are paying way more in taxes than they need toânot because theyâre doing anything wrong, but because they simply donât know what they donât know.
- They miss deductions.
- They forget to depreciate.
- They structure deals inefficiently.
- They donât plan ahead.
And as a result? They leave thousands of dollars on the table every single year.
This is why real estate investor tax strategies matter so much. Itâs not about working harder or buying more propertiesâitâs about getting smarter with the ones you already own.
When you understand how to do these things, you build a foundation that supports real wealth:
- Maximize every legal deduction
- Set up your business the right way
- Use depreciation and passive losses to your advantage
- Plan for sales, capital gains, and long-term growth
Thatâs the exact kind of stuff we teach inside the Ultimate Investor Program.
Itâs not just about finding good deals (although we show you how to do that too). Itâs about building a tax-efficient portfolio that puts more money in your pocket and helps you grow fasterâwithout getting overwhelmed or lost in the weeds.
Frequently Asked Questions About Rental Income Taxes
Still have questions? Youâre not alone. Here are some of the most common things new investors ask when it comes to rental income taxesâanswered clearly and simply.
Is rental income taxed as ordinary income?
Yes, rental income is taxed as ordinary income, but itâs considered passive income, which means itâs not subject to self-employment tax.
How can I reduce taxes on my rental income?
You can reduce what you owe by using tax strategies for rental property like depreciation, deductions, and passive loss rulesâall proven ways how to reduce taxes on rental income legally.
Can I write off property management fees?
Yesâproperty management fees are fully deductible as part of your rental property tax deductions, along with other common expenses.
What are the best tax deductions for landlords?
Some of the best landlord tax deductions include mortgage interest, repairs, property taxes, insurance, and depreciation. Staying organized is keyâ donât overlook these essential rental property tax tips.
Do I have to pay taxes on Airbnb or short-term rentals?
Yesâyou must report short-term rental income to the IRS if the property is rented for more than 14 days per year. So yes, you do have to pay taxes on Airbnb income, unless it qualifies under the Augusta Rule.
Final Thoughts: Keep More, Grow More, Invest Smarter
The goal isnât just to make moneyâitâs to keep as much of it as legally possible. By using smart real estate investor tax strategies, understanding deductions, and planning ahead, you can tap into the powerful real estate tax benefits of owning rental property and build real, lasting wealth. While thereâs only one true way to learn how to not pay taxes on rental income legally, there are dozens of ways to reduce what you owe.
Ready to Take the Next Step in Real Estate Investing? Join our FREE live webinar and discover the proven strategies to build lasting wealth through real estate.
Whether you're just getting started or ready to scale, we'll show you how to take action today. Don't miss this opportunity to learn the insider tips and tools that have helped thousands of investors succeed! Seats are limitedâReserve Your Spot Now!
*Disclosure: Real Estate Skills is not a law firm, and the information contained here does not constitute legal advice. You should consult with an attorney before making any legal conclusions. The information presented here is educational in nature. All investments involve risks, and the past performance of an investment, industry, sector, and/or market does not guarantee future returns or results. Investors are responsible for any investment decision they make. Such decisions should be based on an evaluation of their financial situation, investment objectives, risk tolerance, and liquidity needs.